`pip install django`	Django 설치
`django-admin startproject myproject`	프로젝트 생성
`python manage.py startapp myapp`	앱 생성
`python manage.py runserver`	서버 실행
`python manage.py makemigrations`	마이그레이션 생성
`python manage.py migrate`	마이그레이션 적용
`python manage.py createsuperuser`	관리자 생성
`python manage.py shell`	Django 셸
`python manage.py collectstatic`	정적 파일 수집

모델

모델 정의

기본 모델

from django.db import models

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    published = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

필드 타입

CharField(max_length=100)
TextField()
IntegerField()
FloatField()
BooleanField(default=False)
DateField() / DateTimeField()
EmailField()
URLField()
FileField(upload_to="files/")
ImageField(upload_to="images/")
ForeignKey(Model, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
ManyToManyField(Model)
OneToOneField(Model, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

쿼리셋

Model.objects.all()
Model.objects.filter(field=value)
Model.objects.exclude(field=value)
Model.objects.get(pk=1)
Model.objects.first() / .last()
Model.objects.order_by("-created")
Model.objects.values("field1", "field2")
Model.objects.annotate(count=Count("id"))
Model.objects.select_related("fk_field")
Model.objects.prefetch_related("m2m_field")

뷰

함수 및 클래스 뷰

함수 뷰

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect

def article_list(request):
    articles = Article.objects.all()
    return render(request, "articles/list.html", {"articles": articles})

def article_detail(request, pk):
    article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=pk)
    return render(request, "articles/detail.html", {"article": article})

클래스 기반 뷰

from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView, CreateView
from django.urls import reverse_lazy

class ArticleListView(ListView):
    model = Article
    template_name = "articles/list.html"
    context_object_name = "articles"
    paginate_by = 10

class ArticleCreateView(CreateView):
    model = Article
    fields = ["title", "content"]
    success_url = reverse_lazy("article_list")

URL

URL 패턴

URL 설정

from django.urls import path, include
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path("", views.index, name="index"),
    path("articles/", views.article_list, name="article_list"),
    path("articles/<int:pk>/", views.article_detail, name="article_detail"),
    path("articles/<slug:slug>/", views.article_by_slug, name="article_slug"),
    path("api/", include("api.urls")),
]

템플릿

템플릿 문법

변수 및 태그

{{ variable }}
{{ article.title|truncatewords:30 }}
{{ date|date:"Y-m-d" }}

{% if condition %}...{% endif %}
{% for item in items %}...{% endfor %}
{% url "view_name" pk=1 %}
{% include "partial.html" %}
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}...{% endblock %}