🌐

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

# Auto-install driver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(
    service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())
)

# Or with options
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Firefox(
    service=Service(GeckoDriverManager().install())
)

const { Builder } = require('selenium-webdriver');
const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');

const options = new chrome.Options();
options.addArguments('--headless');

const driver = await new Builder()
    .forBrowser('chrome')
    .setChromeOptions(options)
    .build();

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# Single element
driver.find_element(By.ID, "id")
driver.find_element(By.NAME, "name")
driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "class")
driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "tag")
driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "Link Text")
driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "Partial")
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.class")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//div[@id='id']")

# Multiple elements
driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "items")

# By ID
"#id"

# By class
".class"

# By attribute
"[name='value']"
"input[type='text']"

# Combination
"div.class#id"
"form input[type='submit']"

# Pseudo-classes
"li:first-child"
"li:nth-child(2)"
"li:last-child"

# By ID
"//*[@id='id']"

# By text
"//button[text()='Submit']"
"//button[contains(text(), 'Sub')]"

# By attribute
"//input[@name='email']"
"//input[contains(@class, 'btn')]"

# Parent/sibling
"//div/parent::*"
"//div/following-sibling::p"

# Index
"(//div[@class='item'])[1]"

element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "id")

# Click
element.click()

# Type text
element.send_keys("Hello")
element.clear()
element.send_keys("New text")

# Submit form
element.submit()

# Get attribute
value = element.get_attribute("value")
href = element.get_attribute("href")

# Get text
text = element.text

# Check state
element.is_displayed()
element.is_enabled()
element.is_selected()

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

element.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
element.send_keys(Keys.TAB)
element.send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE)
element.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE)
element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "a")  # Select all
element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "c")  # Copy
element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, "v")  # Paste

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

actions = ActionChains(driver)

# Hover
actions.move_to_element(element).perform()

# Double click
actions.double_click(element).perform()

# Right click
actions.context_click(element).perform()

# Drag and drop
actions.drag_and_drop(source, target).perform()

# Click and hold
actions.click_and_hold(element).perform()
actions.release().perform()

# Chain multiple actions
actions.move_to_element(element)\
    .click()\
    .send_keys("text")\
    .perform()

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

select = Select(driver.find_element(By.ID, "dropdown"))

# Select by value
select.select_by_value("value1")

# Select by visible text
select.select_by_visible_text("Option 1")

# Select by index
select.select_by_index(1)

# Get selected option
selected = select.first_selected_option
all_options = select.options

# Deselect (multi-select)
select.deselect_all()

checkbox = driver.find_element(By.ID, "checkbox")

# Check if selected
if not checkbox.is_selected():
    checkbox.click()

# Uncheck
if checkbox.is_selected():
    checkbox.click()

# Radio button
radio = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[value='option1']")
radio.click()

# Global wait for all elements
driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # seconds

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

# Wait for element visible
element = wait.until(
    EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "id"))
)

# Wait for element clickable
element = wait.until(
    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "id"))
)

# Wait for element present
element = wait.until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "id"))
)

# Wait for text
wait.until(
    EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.ID, "id"), "expected text")
)

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

EC.title_is("Page Title")
EC.title_contains("Title")
EC.url_contains("path")
EC.url_to_be("https://example.com")
EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator)
EC.invisibility_of_element_located(locator)
EC.element_to_be_clickable(locator)
EC.element_to_be_selected(locator)
EC.alert_is_present()
EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it(locator)

def element_has_class(element, class_name):
    return class_name in element.get_attribute("class")

wait.until(lambda d: element_has_class(
    d.find_element(By.ID, "id"), "active"
))

# Open URL
driver.get("https://example.com")

# Navigate
driver.back()
driver.forward()
driver.refresh()

# Get info
url = driver.current_url
title = driver.title
source = driver.page_source

# Get current window handle
main_window = driver.current_window_handle

# Get all window handles
all_windows = driver.window_handles

# Switch to window
driver.switch_to.window(all_windows[1])

# Open new tab
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")

# Close current tab
driver.close()

# Switch back to main
driver.switch_to.window(main_window)

# Switch to frame by index
driver.switch_to.frame(0)

# Switch to frame by name or id
driver.switch_to.frame("frameName")

# Switch to frame by element
frame = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "iframe")
driver.switch_to.frame(frame)

# Switch to parent frame
driver.switch_to.parent_frame()

# Switch to default content
driver.switch_to.default_content()

from selenium.webdriver.common.alert import Alert

# Wait for and switch to alert
alert = wait.until(EC.alert_is_present())

# Or directly
alert = driver.switch_to.alert

# Get alert text
text = alert.text

# Accept (OK)
alert.accept()

# Dismiss (Cancel)
alert.dismiss()

# Send keys (prompt)
alert.send_keys("input text")
alert.accept()

# Execute JavaScript
driver.execute_script("alert('Hello');")

# Return value
result = driver.execute_script("return document.title;")

# Pass arguments
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "id")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", element)

# Scroll into view
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", element)

# Scroll to position
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, 500);")

# Scroll to bottom
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")

# Set value
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].value = 'text';", element)

# Remove attribute
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].removeAttribute('disabled');", element)

# Save screenshot
driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png")

# Get as base64
base64_img = driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()

# Get as PNG bytes
png_bytes = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()

# Element screenshot
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "id")
element.screenshot("element.png")

# Close current window
driver.close()

# Quit browser
driver.quit()

# Context manager (Python)
from selenium import webdriver

with webdriver.Chrome() as driver:
    driver.get("https://example.com")
    # automatically quit on exit